A new “catch 22”: “Protective measures”, “preventive measures” and “sports sanctions” versus Russian athletes

After the announcement of a Russian special military operation, International Olympic Committee (IOC) on February 28, 2022 offered its Recommendations to Movement (international sports federations and other global sports’ organizers) participation subjects sports. The IOC recommended that athletes should not be allowed participate in international competitions unless participants act as neutral athletes. Since date, have imposed continue impose multidirectional negative measures against Despite formally non-mandatory status Recommendations, chosen athletes’ suspension “neutral status”, with rare exceptions (and nuances decisions): Judo Federation (IJF), Tennis (ITF), Automobile (FIA), Cycling Union (ICU). Unfortunately, suspensions become “routine” practice 2022. speed making suspension-decisions identical raised well-founded question about existence legal grounds for regulation federations. This research is focused types content “measures” (“protective”, “preventive”, “sports sanctions”) athletes, including proposed “protective” doctrine. As result, at least three main points were identified. First, names “preventive” are artificial, all content. Second, time adopted, statutes did explicitly provide either “protective measures” or “preventive measures”. Thirdly, use sanctions” based constitutions